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ADHD in Adults - Treatment Options

ADHD is a common neurological disorder that affects around 4,4% of the population. It is accompanied with high rates of comorbidity, including depression, anxiety, and substance abuse, as well as significant social, emotional and occupational impairments.

Psychotherapy and medication are both effective treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. Stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine are the most frequently prescribed medications.

Medicines

Many adults with ADHD experience significant improvements in symptoms and performance due to medications. It is essential that those with ADHD find the combination of medication that works for them.

Adults with ADHD are prescribed stimulants such as amphetamines and methylphenidate. These stimulants are available as liquid or tablet form in an immediate-release (short acting) formulation. They can be taken every three to four hours. Some adults can supplement their immediate-release dose with an extended-release or long-acting medication that is taken daily to reduce the requirement for frequent doses throughout the day.

Adults with ADHD can also be successfully treated with antidepressants, such as desipramine. This class of drugs may be employed in conjunction with stimulants, or in isolation to boost their effects. However, they can increase the risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects like a rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension.

Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists like alprazolam and clonidine can also be utilized to treat people suffering from ADHD. These medications, originally designed to treat high blood pressure, possess the ability to calm and enhance focus and decrease the level of hyperactivity and impulsivity among some adults. However, these drugs can cause a very low blood pressure if they are abruptly removed or reduced in dosage.

Psychotherapy is also useful for adults suffering from ADHD. Individual therapy can help them cope with feelings of shame and embarrassment over their ADHD, as well as anger toward supervisors, colleagues teachers, family members and others who may nag or criticize them. Additionally counseling for  homesite  and families can help couples with ADHD understand each other's problems and improve communication.

Behavioral Therapy

A key goal of psychosocial therapy for adult ADHD is to teach strategies and techniques that enhance performance in everyday life. Psychotherapy can also aid those with ADHD to overcome the low self-esteem and feeling of failure that is often associated with this condition.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) assists individuals in changing the negative thoughts that create difficulties in their lives and to develop new ways of thinking, feeling and doing. This short-term and goal-oriented therapy has been shown to be effective in treating a variety of illnesses, such as depression and anxiety. It can be used in conjunction with other therapies or on its own.

CBT may include group therapy, which can be especially beneficial for adults suffering from ADHD because it gives the chance to connect with others who have similar struggles and to learn how other people manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or over the phone. One study examined the effects of CBT with that of traditional therapy for adults with ADHD and found that both treatments produced improvement in self-report assessments of functioning, symptoms and quality of life.

Numerous studies have evaluated CBT with other psychosocial treatments for adults with ADHD and have all shown significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms, with medium to large effect size. These improvements were associated with diverse modalities like cognitive and interpersonal therapy as well as social skills training, problem solving training, as well as mindfulness mediation.

However, caution is required in comparing the effectiveness of various treatments for adult ADHD. It is likely that the differences in outcomes results result from a variety of factors, such as treatment characteristics and measures used. A few studies have investigated the effectiveness of neurofeedback, an approach that involves wearing an electrode-lined cap when performing cognitive tasks to pinpoint areas of the brain where there is too much or too little activity - and then instructing the person to manage these patterns.

Counseling

Many people with ADHD have mood or anxiety disorders that require treatment. Counseling can address these problems that may be contributing ADHD symptoms. Some psychotherapy approaches include interpersonal therapy to improve the capacity of individuals to establish meaningful relationships and to resolve conflicts. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help control impulsive, self-destructive, and negative behaviors that can create problems at work or school.

In some cases psychotherapy is sometimes used in conjunction with medications for adults adhd treatment. Patients with comorbid disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, and substance abuse should be evaluated with care to ensure they do not have symptoms that are not ameliorated by the medications used to treat ADHD. Patients with certain medical conditions like thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history of seizures, need to be treated more aggressively as they are at higher risk of complications from medication.

When ADHD is serious enough to affect everyday functioning and quality of life, intensive outpatient programs may be suggested. These programs provide more intense and organized treatment than traditional outpatient therapy.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which is a form of cognitive therapy, aids adults suffering from ADHD to improve their ability to manage time, impulse control, planning and executive function. It helps them recognize and express their feelings. It uses worksheets and activities to make the learning more engaging. Mindfulness meditation training improves CBT and improves the ability of people to concentrate and control their emotions. It also improves a person's capacity to manage stress and arousal. It helps them deal with sadness, anger and other emotions that could be causing their ADHD.

Occupational Therapy

Adults with ADHD often have difficulties functioning at home and at work. These symptoms can also affect relationships and lead to financial issues. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you improve your self-esteem and solve the underlying issues. It can also help you develop healthy coping strategies.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a successful treatment for adults suffering from ADHD, as it teaches them how to change their negative attitudes and behavior. It is focused on teaching you how to employ strategies for managing time and overcoming mental distortions that lead to negative moods and a perception of a limited range of choices.

Many people with ADHD have depression or anxiety disorders as comorbid conditions. These psychiatric disorders can exacerbate or diminish the effectiveness of certain medications used to treat ADHD. It is therefore recommended to first treat the most severe comorbidity and then monitor the response to the medication prior to treating the other condition.

Occupational therapy can teach you how to manage your life and work, create regular routines, manage your time and money and build a positive self-image. It will also help you learn relaxation techniques that could decrease your impulsivity and hyperactivity. Similarly yoga and other exercises can aid in improving your focus by stabilizing your body in different poses.

Family and marriage counseling can help address the issues that people with ADHD often cause their children, spouses, and other family members. They frequently complain of being unreliable, disorganized, forgetful and prone to making impulsive decisions. You can build stronger relationships by educating your spouses and family members about ADHD. It can help you and your family members understand that the problems are caused by ADHD, rather than the lack of care or a refusal to cooperate.

Clinical Trials

Adult ADHD is a prevalent neurobiological disorder. It is accompanied by high levels of comorbidity. This includes depression, anxiety and addiction disorders. Treatment options include medication and psychosocial interventions. There are a variety of medications available to adults suffering from ADHD, and some of them have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have exposed the strengths and limitations of the various medications.

Adults suffering from ADHD suffer from the same issues as children, however it isn't always easy to identify them since the symptoms of childhood may not persist throughout adulthood. Adults with ADHD may not have any family history of the disorder or may not remember symptoms. A thorough medical history is necessary to determine if the symptoms are due to medical conditions such as thyroid issues, sleep apnea, hearing and vision problems or lead poisoning.

Adults with ADHD are treated with stimulants or nonstimulants. Stimulants have the highest reaction rates for adults suffering from ADHD. Their responsiveness rates vary from 70 to 80percent. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are among the most commonly prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate is also available in a transdermal system that allows for continuous drug delivery throughout the day.

Nonstimulant drugs for adults with ADHD are mostly tricyclic antidepressants that target dopamine and norepinephrine. Desipramine, the most studied tricyclic, has been shown to work in adult ADHD patients. It is a low dose medication and should be increased by 50 mg every 7 days until the desired response is observed.

Bupropion XL is a different antidepressant, was shown to work in adults with ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist and is able to block the reuptake process of norepinephrine by the presynaptic transportation system, thus increasing its presence in the brain. This drug has been proven to improve the mood of adults and decrease hyperactivity, however, it's not as effective in improving concentration or cognitive functions as stimulants.